Ancient Civilizations — Ancient Mesopotamia

PK HERE
15 min readAug 23, 2021
Mesopotamia getty images

Kommu Praveen Kumar

20 August 2021

A narrative of seduction, God’s wrath, and Paradise Lost, but is it just a fable? Is there evidence that the Bible’s major stories are true? Was there ever such a place as even? Today, our hunt for the Garden of Eden leads us to Mesopotamia, an arid and desolate land. The faithful have long sought solutions to the Bible’s most deep secrets among the ruins of Babylon, Assyria, and Sumer, the place where the earliest seeds of human civilization were sowed and three of the greatest Civilizations of the ancient world flourished.

The faithful have long sought solutions to the Bible’s most deep secrets among the ruins of Babylon, Assyria, and Sumer, the place where the earliest seeds of human civilization were sowed and three of the greatest Civilizations of the ancient world flourished.

Mesopotamia, the lush area cradled between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, gave home to the first great civilizations. We call it Iraq because by peeling back the layers of history, we can trace the origins of our oldest stories and travel back to the deepest roots of faith. Our journey begins on the western edge of Mesopotamia in Israel, where a chance discovery in 1947 would bring archaeology and the Bible to the attention of the world.

A herd of goats is being moved by Bedouin shepherds along the cliffs of Qumran, a few kilometres east of Jerusalem. In the scorching desert, they come across a small cave obscured by a rocky bluff. It’s not uncommon for ancient and valuable artefacts to be discovered along these bluffs. Inside the cave, the Shepherd discovers the wreckage of ancient pots, leather scroll fragments, and papyrus sheets, all untouched since the time of Jesus. Hundreds more old manuscripts would soon be uncovered in the adjacent caverns, one of which would prove to be the earliest known text of the Old Testament. The Dead Sea scrolls, which include the critical first five volumes known to Jews as the Torah, sparked an international outcry as researchers and theologians argued over their ownership and meaning.

Traditional Torah is always written by hand, the words are read aloud as the scribe writes, so they become a living prayer, and each Torah is considered holy from the moment it is written nay and sachem but the historical accuracy of the Bible has never been so easily confirmed it’s an effort that continues

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls is the most well-known event in biblical archaeology, but it was far from the first. The desire to learn more about biblical history has a long history; it’s a quest that began in the Holy Land and eventually led to Mesopotamia. Crusaders, mystics, and believers have always been drawn to the sites where the great Bible stories unfolded, but with the coming of the 19th century, a new breed of pilgrim sought to strengthen their faith in the Bible through the fledgling science of archaeology. There was no better way to prove their faith than to show that biblical history was accurate.

With the excitement of early finds fueling a kind of biblical gold rush, competing British, German, and French archaeologists descended on the Holy Land, teams of theological detectives digging for both God and country. The prestige of each European nation in the Holy Land was measured by the kind of biblical discoveries that they were making. The bonny Hamid tribe accidentally ran into a remarkable stone tablet buried in the desert. The tribesmen were no strangers to the area’s antiquities or its significance to Europeans. The Reverend Frederick Augustus Cline was the first Westerner to hear of the enigmatic black stone. He set out quickly, accompanied only by a few Bedouin escorts, into the bandit-infested wasteland. Cline was a missionary, not an archaeologist, and he felt a rush of excitement when he first saw the strange basalt carving. Suspecting that the black tablet might confirm his deepest held beliefs, he examined the stone as word of the find spread, the streets and bazaars buzzed with rumours of a great discovery and made a rough impression of the inscription it was in a language Klein didn’t recognise back in Jerusalem, he sought help deciphering the stone as news of the find spread the streets and bazaars buzzed with rumours of a great discovery The inscription on the stone turned out to be a Moabite King’s description of a biblical battle.

For the first time, written confirmation of each tin stone of a tale from the Bible two sources for the same occurrence was presented to the devout. It was the proof they’d been seeking for solid evidence of the Bible’s historical veracity. Many people wanted to buy the stone, but the Bedouin had reason to be wary because they’d been duped and robbed by European treasure hunters in the past. Assuming that anything so valuable to Europeans must contain gold, they dumped the stone into a fire in an attempt to break it apart. As the fire heated the stone, they poured water over it again and again until it exploded and the stone was shattered. The loss of the stone shattered the first archaeological confirmation of a Bible storey, the first corroborating evidence ever found in the Holy Land. However, now that the Bible had been verified as history, it pointed the way even further into the past, back more than 2500 years to a great Empire ruled from Babylon to the very moment the Babel was shattered.

The year is 586 BC, and the troops of Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, descend on Jerusalem with the wrath of an angry god. It is nearly 6 centuries before Christ’s birth, and the Romans had not yet dreamed of an Empire. It is a sad chapter in Jewish history, and Babylon’s fierce star is rising. Homes were pillaged during the Babylonian attack, according to the Bible. The Temple of King Solomon is set on fire and completely destroyed. 10,000 Israelite prisoners, including princes, warriors, artisans, and scribes, were carried to Babylon in chains after crossing more than 500 miles of desert via historic trade routes across modern-day Jordan. Syria and Iraq are on their way to Babylon in Psalms 137 the Israelites lament by the Babylonian rivers there we sat and wept when we remembered Zion how shall we sing the Lord’s song in a foreign land broken and exhausted the Israelites entered Babylon in awe of its scope and frenzy torn from the modest city of Jerusalem they beheld the majestic capital of the ancient world but somehow the Israelites managed to do more than sing the Lord’s song in a foreign land broken and exhausted the Israelites entered Babylon

The name Saddam Hussein is now engraved on the reconstructed walls surrounding Babylon, but the bricks once bore the name King Nebuchadnezzar. This was a land of many gods and pagan idols, an unlikely birthplace for one of the world’s most sacred texts, but Babylon’s great diversity created the ideal climate.

What city is this, the book of Revelation would ask, clothed in purple and scarlet and decked with gold and pearls the habitation of devils and the hold of every foul spirit Babylon the great mother of harlots and the abominations of the earth but among all the abominations even perhap among all the abominations even perhap among all the abominations even perhap among all the abominations even perhap among all the abominations even perhap Over three generations of captivity, Hebrew scribes combined Israel’s oral heritage, new writings, and rituals in order to maintain and solidify Jewish identity and The Bible was created by combining religious texts into a single document. However, as the Bible’s books were compiled over the years of exile, Babylonian culture had a significant influence on the Israelite scribes’ labour.

The Israelites couldn’t ignore Babylon’s thriving culture and huge monuments, and the Bible would later reflect stories and traditions from Babylon and even earlier Mesopotamian civilizations. Its temples were among the globe’s largest public buildings in the ancient era. the palace of Nebuchadnezzar’s ceremonial walkway, although it’s mythical Arm trees gorillas in the Hanging Gardens. You would have felt the wolfed and this was delivered if you had walked through the Ishtar Gate, but on all sides of it was the city, the people, the commoners, narrow winding alleyways rows and rows of small stores donkeys brain crowds of people walking small tightly knit quarters teeming with life.

It was here, according to the Bible, that one of Antiquity’s most amazing constructions, the Tower of Babel, climbed into the sky. For centuries, adventurers and pilgrims imagined that finding the famous Tower would show the Bible legends were true. No man would be written if a seeker failed. Do not approach the tower since it is completely deserted, full of dragons and enormous serpents, as well as a variety of deadly beasts. Medieval pilgrims claimed to have discovered the tower, a spiral minaret still standing in northern Iraq, but they were mistaken; the tower was erected 1,500 years too late and distant from Babylon’s fortifications. Perhaps the most intriguing idea was proposed by German archaeologist Robert Coldaway. Many experts believe he discovered all that remains of the famed Tower Babylon’s major monuments made a big impression on the biblical scribes when he discovered a rectangular ditch with only a few ancient bricks remaining in the early 1900's.

But it is a Babylonian innovation far more amazing than the rule of law that has survived to this day as her most enduring legacy. The first civilization on the planet to have a written law system was Babylon. The original carved stone is an amazing relic that was lost for hundreds of years until it was discovered in the late 19th century. It was a stone engraved with one of the most important legal documents of all time twelve hundred years before the Israelites were taken captive, a Babylonian King had this stone carved with the laws that bear his name Hammurabi’s code these writings can be read as precursors to the legal code that bears his name these writings can be read as precursors to the legal code.

Since Babylon, Hammurabi’s code has affected nearly every civilisation, and some of its more basic procedures of adjudication have lasted virtually unchanged. In certain distant Bedouin tribes, a holy man known as the mabashi would judge the accused by inspecting their tongues after they lick a red-hot iron spoon. In this rare film, a holy man known as the mabashi will judge the accused by examining their tongues after they suck a red-hot iron spoon.

These young men have been accused of theft and must submit to the ordeal in order to avoid being found guilty by default. Family members watch with bated breath as the young men prepare for the painful ritual. anything I’m going to go push who’s enough how much the gag lil Durk improving a deal and how much the gorilla was the nacio are you hush turquoise Yes, the way I move my head, I’m in doubt. Water isn’t supposed to relieve pain; it’s supposed to cleanse and purify the drinker. prepare him for a decision Only the mabashi can divine guilt or innocence, and he alone will determine the fate of the men. He will be an ideal, and he is not a hakama non-vegan. Finally, a verdict is reached: one man is judged innocent, much to the relief of his family, while the other is found guilty and fined for his wrongdoing. The ordeal is an intriguing modern-day echo of Hammurabi’s laws, but his laws go much further into the present through the Bible.

“Thou shalt not bear false witness against tonight the ten commandments, the foundation of biblical law and yet only the beginning of a complex set of codes and Covenants central to the Old Testament and in these laws the clear voice of Hammurabi can still be heard”.

The brutal Empire of Assyria, described in the Bible as a land bathed in blood, had its roots in an even earlier civilization that reached its peak seven centuries before Christ. The Assyrians were the deadliest of all Mesopotamian armies to sweep through the ancient world, and in the Bible they are the ultimate symbol of bloody tyranny and ruthless opprobrium. “Behold, the kings of Assyria have done to our lands, destroying them utterly.”

Even the Bible expresses grudging reverence for Assyrian might, which is symbolised by the royal lion hunt: “Behold of the Assyrian, under his shadow dwell all large nations Ezekiel 31.” When the city of Rome was in its infancy, Assyria was the world’s greatest empire for more than a thousand years, and even its grand capital city of Nineveh was unknown to the contemporary world, until British archaeologist Austen Henry Layard studied these dismal ruins in 1852. What Layard discovered in northern Iraq was nothing less than the Royal Palace of Nineveh, an unspoilt gem of Assyrian culture. Tunneling under the soil like a miner, Laird uncovered magnificent winged Bulls and spectacular craftsmanship that had been concealed from human gaze for a millennia. The vast library of Nineveh, an astounding collection of twenty-two thousand clay tablets inscribed with the Assyrian cuneiform script, was the most consequential of Layard’s findings.

Details of daily life in Assyria reflect a patriarchal society, one in which commoners, particularly women, had little status. Even if a woman had certain rights in this tyrannical environment, there was some fairness in marriage, even if ordinary women had only limited standing. Assyrian queens had a lot of power, according to recent finds. The treasure of Nimrod, discovered in 1989 at the ancient palace of Nimrod in northern Iraq, was hailed as the most significant finding since King Tut’s tomb.

This remarkable footage shot by Iraqi archaeologists is an exclusive record of their extraordinary discoveries for the first time the tomb of an Assyrian Queen had been uncovered intact the royal Sepulchre still displayed a curse to protect its occupants “should anyone break open the seal and resurrect” Despite the curse, researchers discovered more than 125 pounds of wonderfully carved jewellery, crystal goblets, and stunning carvings. The ancient Assyrians were master goldsmiths and artisans, but the value of this treasure far exceeds its worth in gold. In death, Assyrian queens were lavished with riches, but in life, it was her kings who forged history. In the year 701 BC, King Sennacherib and his army set out across the desert toward the Mediterranean Sea.

The siege of Lachish is a magnificent illustration of how an Assyrian army landed on a city, surrounded it, besieged it, subjected it to servitude, and took all who were not executed to slavery. Their strategy was simple: harsh conquest, fast-moving conquest, systematic efficient conquest, and you can see siege engines and soldiers coming up the mounds with a shield above them shielding them from the debris hurled down below on the bass police in Assyrian palaces. But they didn’t stand a chance in hell since those guys were trained troops. It was a machine.

Knowing that an Assyrian attack was certain, King Hezekiah rushed to defend Jerusalem and ordered the construction of underground aqueducts in a desperate attempt to secure the city’s water supply in the event of a siege. As a kaya’s plan worked, the city’s water supply was protected. According to the Bible, the Lord saved Jerusalem, and Assyria’s king returned shamefaced to his homeland. Sanaa Grubbs version of the fight was discovered on a clay prism uncovered at Nineveh; it follows the Bible tale down to the finest details, but it has a drastically different point of view; yet as for his Akaya the Jew who refused to submit to my yoke 46 of his strong global towns I besieged and he was conquered by my lordship’s dreadful splendour.

There are no inconsistencies in Sanok rubs version, but there is one consequence. Hezekiah is imprisoned in Jerusalem like a caged bird, but the Bible says that Jerusalem’s walls keep the Assyrian troops at bay. This is perhaps the earliest example of spin-doctors at action. The Israelite god has the final word: “I will break the Assyrian in my land,” the Bible says, “for through the voice of the Lord shall the Assyrian be beaten down Isaiah chapter 6,” and the Bible tells us that God does destroy Nineveh, the throne of the greatest Assyrian kings, and it wasn’t the first such annihilation long before the Almighty had laid waste to an entire civilization.” However, they were known as Sumer and told of a massive flood.

It’s one of the most well-known biblical stories. The storey of Noah and his family escaping to the ark with every species of animal and surviving the punishing flood while the rest of mankind is destroyed by an angry god and a wooden boat Patel you it’s the storey of Noah and his family escaping to the ark with every species of animal and surviving the punishing flood while the rest of mankind is destroyed by an angry god and a wooden boat Patel you it’s the storey of Noah and his family escaping to the ark with every species of animal and It’s a primitive storey that elicits our deepest desires and fears. a storey found not only in the Bible, but also in another ancient text uncovered in Sumerian ruins. A set of Mesopotamian tablets was translated early this century, revealing the world’s oldest recorded epic, the storey of the fabled King Gilgamesh, whose tale of a Great Flood predates the Bible by at least 2,000 years. ”The flood had rushed across the lake for seven days and seven nights, and the enormous boat had been tossed around by the storms.”

The boat eventually becomes aground on a mountain, and he sends forth Birds, which is a great storey that has an unsettling resemblance to the Biblical Flood account. The narrative of the Great Flood was first narrated more than 5,000 years ago here in the ancient cities of the Sumer Baroque era and in Sumer we discover the first of practically everything that makes us civilised. They invented wheel governance and horticulture Sumer, the first civilization on earth.

They invented mud bricks, which are still made and used today, and from these simple building blocks they erected the first enormous monuments known as ziggurats, towering temples soaring hundreds of feet into the air. They also invented the 62nd minute and the troublesome teenager. “How did you get here? I didn’t go anywhere. If you didn’t go anywhere, then why are you dithering about going to school before your teacher reads your assignment and writes it on your tablet?

We know a lot about the Sumerians, their amazing inventions, and their daily life. We know their ancient legends and private secrets because someone wrote them down, thanks to their most impressive innovation writing. No one had ever done anything like that before.

Someone etched their stories into clay about 5,000 years ago, providing us with a glimpse of the world in the early stages of civilization. As a people, the Sumerians were similar to us in that they were concerned about meeting new people, drinking beer, and so on. There are several collections of poems that relate a woman’s preparations for her lover, including how she dresses and wai The lost city of Abraham, the first of the Bible’s patriarchs, or what was once supposed to be his birthplace, was the epicentre of Sumerian civilisation. Because it was the site of one of the most famous archaeological digs ever carried out in the 1920s and 1930s by a wonderful British archaeologist named Leonard Woolley, it is the acme of the biblical city and archaeological terms.

Even without substantial proof, speculation concerning the Biblical Flood created a stir. In the bleak desert of southern Iraq, it was as if science and the Bible had come together. Willie would finally unearth an undeniable treasure, a discovery that would reveal unprecedented insight into the world’s first civilizations. digging in the thick mud or excavating in the royal tombs Willie discovered 74 meticulously arranged skeletons, all entombed at the same time, telling the shocking account of a king’s final voyage into the afterlife and others who accompanied him.

The discovery of the tomb pizza door was an archaeological achievement, revealing ancient secrets of the first civilization, but science can only carry us so far before the trial runs out. The Gilgamesh epic provides the final enticing hints that take us back to a garden and a place called heaven by some.

In the ancient Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh, the name given to paradises Dillman, it’s a place beyond the edge of normal human habitation of us, as it appears in the Cimmerian like me, where the flood survivor goes to live, and there are other myths that feature Dillman as a place where everything was perfect, and there are other myths that feature Dillman as a place where everything was perfect, and there are other myths that feature Dillman In Mesopotamian legend, there is a sort of Garden of Eden there is a sort of power dice place verdant green and abundant water and cool winds and breezes it is a place of wonder a perfect place yet it is also home to a serpent in the ancient epic the snake steals the flower that bestows immortality and so like Adam, the snake steals the flower that bestows immortality. Gilgamesh had no choice except to leave the garden and perish. The concept of paradise appears to be universal, but what is it based on and was there really a place like it? The signs point to an enchanting yet very real site. The island of Bahrain, 400 miles south of the ancient Sumerian city of battle, is a crucial mart on the trading routes over Mesopotamia’s dry deserts and salt oceans.

Today, Bahrain is far from paradise, but it was once lush, with plenty of water and thus plenty of life. Once upon a time, this was Dillman, but was it paradise in comparison to the surrounding desert? It would have appeared so. There was so much water here that what is now a desert island bloomed, and there were people here who apparently leaped. The ancient bones show that these people were taller, healthier, and lived longer than anyone else in the region, and in the burial mounds are the remains of snakes ritually embalmed at some unknown time more than four thousand years ago. Here in Bahrain, we find the serpent exactly as it appears in the Gilgamesh epic and the Bible.

Our journey through time has taken us across the countries where the Babylonians, Assyrians, and ancient Sumerians once walked. Is it possible to travel further further to the region that hides Adam’s footprints?

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PK HERE

Excellent writing and communication skills are obviously essential, but so is a determined attitude and the ability to take criticism.